Gazi Osman Paşa: The Hero of Plevna
Gazi Osman Paşa was one of the most respected and decorated Ottoman generals of all time. He is best known for his heroic defense of the city of Plevna against superior Russian and Romanian forces in 1877 during the Russo-Turkish War. He earned the title of "gazi" (veteran) from Sultan Abdülhamid II for his bravery and sacrifice. In this article, we will explore his life, career, and legacy in more detail.
gazi osman paşa
Introduction
Who was Gazi Osman Paşa?
Gazi Osman Paşa was an Ottoman field marshal who served in various wars and campaigns in the 19th century. He was born in 1832 in Tokat, a city in Anatolia, to a prominent Turkish family. He graduated from the Ottoman Military College and the War Academy, and rose through the ranks of the army. He fought in the Crimean War, the Yemen Rebellion, the Cretan Revolt, and the Russo-Turkish War. He was known for his courage, skill, and leadership.
Why was he called "gazi"?
The word "gazi" means "veteran" or "warrior" in Turkish, and it is a title of honor given to those who have fought for Islam or the Ottoman Empire. Osman Paşa earned this title after his heroic defense of Plevna, a city in Bulgaria, against a much larger and better equipped Russian and Romanian army. He held out for five months, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy, but eventually surrendered due to starvation and lack of ammunition. His resistance delayed the Russian advance and inspired the Ottoman people. Sultan Abdülhamid II awarded him with the title of "gazi" and promoted him to field marshal.
Early life and education
His family and birthplace
Osman Paşa was born into the Yağcıoğulları family, a well-known Turkish clan in Tokat. His father was Mehmet Efendi, a civil servant who moved to Istanbul soon after Osman's birth. His mother was Şakire Hatun, a pious and noble woman. Osman had three brothers and two sisters. He grew up in Istanbul, where he received his primary education at the Beşiktaş Military High School.
His military training and career
Osman Paşa continued his education at the Kuleli Military High School and then at the Ottoman Military College, where he graduated as a second lieutenant in 1852. He entered the cavalry branch of the army at the beginning of the Crimean War, where he distinguished himself with his bravery and was promoted to first lieutenant. He then completed his studies at the War Academy, where he became a captain and a staff officer.
Osman Paşa served in various regions of the empire, such as Beirut, Crete, Yemen, Rumelia, Scutari, and Bosnia. He dealt with rebellions, revolts, bandits, and foreign threats. He proved his competence, loyalty, and courage in every assignment. He received several medals, orders, and promotions for his achievements. He became a colonel in 1866, a major general in 1868, a lieutenant general in 1873, and a full general in 1876.
Plevna Defense
The context and significance of the siegeage of 67. He was buried next to the Mosque of Fatih Sultan Mehmet in Istanbul, as he requested. His funeral was attended by thousands of people who mourned his loss and celebrated his heroism. His tomb is still a place of pilgrimage and respect for many Turks and Muslims.
His honors and commemorations
Osman Paşa was one of the most honored and commemorated Ottoman generals of all time. He received numerous medals, orders, and titles from the sultan and other rulers. He was also praised by many poets, writers, and historians for his courage, skill, and patriotism. Some of the honors and commemorations he received are:
The Order of Glory, First Class (Gold) from Sultan Abdülhamid II
The Order of St. George, Fourth Class from Tsar Alexander II
The Order of the Iron Crown, Third Class from Emperor Franz Joseph I
The Order of the Medjidie, First Class (Gold) from Sultan Abdülaziz
The Order of Osmanieh, First Class (Gold) from Sultan Abdülhamid II
The title of "Gazi" (veteran) from Sultan Abdülhamid II
The title of "Marshal of the Palace" from Sultan Abdülhamid II
The title of "Hero of Plevna" from the Ottoman people
A statue in his hometown of Tokat
A statue in the city of Plevna
A museum in his former residence in Istanbul
A street named after him in Istanbul
A bridge named after him in Ankara
A district named after him in Ankara
A university named after him in Tokat
Conclusion
Gazi Osman Paşa was a remarkable Ottoman general who left a lasting legacy in Turkish and world history. He was a brave, skillful, and loyal soldier who served his country and his faith with honor and dignity. He was a hero of Plevna who defended the city against overwhelming odds and earned the respect and admiration of friend and foe alike. He was a leader, a reformer, and a patriot who contributed to the modernization and development of the Ottoman army and state. He was a legend, a role model, and a source of inspiration for many generations to come.
FAQs
What was the name of the war that Osman Paşa fought in Plevna?
The war was called the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, also known as the War of 93 or the Great Eastern Crisis.
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How many times did the Russians try to capture Plevna?
The Russians tried to capture Plevna four times, but they were repelled each time by Osman Paşa's forces.
How long did Osman Paşa hold out in Plevna?
Osman Paşa held out in Plevna for five months, from July 20 to December 10, 1877.
How did Osman Paşa surrender to the Russians?
Osman Paşa surrendered to the Russians with honor and dignity, handing over his sword to the Romanian general Mihail Cerchez.
What did Tsar Alexander II say to Osman Paşa when he met him?
Tsar Alexander II said to Osman Paşa: "You have shown yourself to be not only a great commander but also a great man." 44f88ac181
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